Science
PARIS : NASA Hubble Spots Protective Shield Defending 2 Small Galaxies
PARIS : We may finally know how the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are mysteriously making stars. Just a space train stop from the Milky Way, two little galaxies have a fortified barricade protecting them from falling to pieces, astronomers said Wednesday in the journal Nature.
These starry realms are staunchly locked in orbit around each other, yet during their journey across the universe, they seem to be unraveling like balls of yarn. They perpetually leave stringy remnants of gas behind — you know, material integral to their galactic job: star making.
But there’s something weird going on.
Despite losing pieces of themselves for millenia, both these galaxies — the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds — are yet to be dismantled. And, yup, they’re still making stars.
“A lot of people were struggling to explain how these streams of material could be there,” Dhanesh Krishnarao, assistant professor at Colorado College, said in a statement. “If this gas was removed from these galaxies, how are they still forming stars?”
The answer? A galactic shield, of course.
By tapping into data collected by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and the now-retired Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, Krishnarao and fellow scientists realized the Magellanic cloud system is surrounded by a sort of thin hot bubble of supercharged gas. A shield, if you will.
This cocoon, or corona as the scientists call it, prevents these galaxies from spitting out too much of their gas supply even though the Milky Way’s immense gravitational pull tugs on the galaxies and space-borne phenomena try to invade them.
In turn, this sort of defense system is the reason our universe continues to be blessed with these galaxies’ starry twinkles.
“Anything that tries to pass into the galaxy has to pass through this material first, so it can absorb some of that impact,” Krishnarao said. “In addition, the corona is the first material that can be extracted. While giving up a little bit of the corona, you’re protecting the gas that’s inside of the galaxy itself and able to form new stars.”
At last, the Magellanic puzzle might be solved.
Awesome. Now what?
Already, experts had predicted the existence of the defensive Magellanic corona. It isn’t exactly a completely new find. What’s big about this discovery, though, is the fact that we now have eyes on the shield.
“The resolution of Hubble and FUSE were crucial for this study,” Krishnarao said. “The corona gas is so diffuse, it’s barely even there.”
Because this corona stretches more than 100,000 light-years from the galaxies it protects, it’s rather difficult to spot, so until now, this corona was only a hunch. But Hubble and FUSE were able to get around the corona’s invisibility hurdle because both powerful instruments have an extensive archive of data regarding some of our universe’s most extreme, brilliant marvels: quasars.
Quasars are pretty much giant jets of light protruding from the centers of active black holes, and they’re so bright they’re often more luminous than our entire galaxy. This brightness is key for the field of astronomy. Quasars act kind of like cosmic flashlights, serendipitously placed across the universe to elucidate even the darkest of interstellar secrets with dazzling illumination.
In this case, they were perfect tools to help us finally detect this kind of hypothesized, cagey corona around the Magellanic galaxies — and in fact, quasars also lit the way in 2020 for Hubble, when the beloved telescope found a similar protective corona surrounding the Andromeda galaxy.
For their new study, the team analyzed patterns of ultraviolet light from 28 quasars, then characterized what kind of material may lie around the Large Maganellic cloud first.

“It’s a perfect telltale signature that this corona is really there,” Krishnarao said. “It really is cocooning the galaxy and protecting it.”
Plus, unlike our Milky Way’s neighboring Andromeda galaxy, which sits about 2.5 million light-years away, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are, respectively, only 160,000 light-years and 200,000 light-years away from us, so they’re much easier to study, and therefore, their corona will be, too.
They’re also dwarf galaxies, which are thought to hold boons of novel information for astronomers, like insight into how galaxies arose and evolved in the first place long, long ago. According to NASA, coronas have been seen around more distant dwarf galaxies before, but they haven’t been probed with much detail.
“There’re lots of predictions from computer simulations about what they should look like, how they should interact over billions of years,” Krishnarao said, “but observationally we can’t really test most of them because dwarf galaxies are typically just too hard to detect.”
Now that limitation may be a thing of the past.
Science
SAN FRANCISCO: Indian-Origin Founder Unveils Wearable Device That Records Every Moment Of Your Life
SAN FRANCISCO: Advait Paliwal, an Indian-origin entrepreneur, has recently introduced a wearable AI device called Iris, designed to provide users with “infinite memory.” According to Paliwal, the device captures “pictures every minute,” which are stored either on the device or in the cloud, allowing users to preserve life’s small moments and recognize patterns often overlooked.
In a series of tweets, Mr Paliwal, who is based in San Francisco, explained that Iris not only organises the photos into a timeline but also uses AI to generate captions and help users recall forgotten details. Additionally, the device features a “focus mode,” which detects when the wearer is distracted and offers reminders to refocus.
Mr. Paliwal shared that the design of Iris is inspired by the evil eye symbol. He developed the device over the summer at the Augmentation Lab in Cambridge, part of a two-month AI and hardware talent accelerator program. After the program, Mr Paliwal presented Iris to over 250 attendees at the MIT Media Lab, where he received positive feedback, with many expressing interest in owning the device.
Highlighting its potential, Mr Paliwal suggested that Iris could offer safety and health benefits, such as aiding doctors in understanding patients’ daily habits or ensuring workplace safety compliance. In elderly care, the device could help caregivers monitor patients without being intrusive.
However, after Mr Paliwal shared his post on X (formerly Twitter), reactions were mixed. While some users expressed excitement, others raised privacy concerns. One person commented, “It’s an interesting concept, but I wouldn’t want to interact with someone wearing this, taking a photo every minute.” Paliwal responded by pointing out that people are already “constantly taking mental photos.”
Others were more enthusiastic, with one user noting, “I’ve been searching for a device like this for years! A picture every minute should be enough if it archives, organizes, labels, and retrieves them.” Another user praised the concept, saying, “Love the idea. The design and name are perfect. Great work!”
Science
TEXAS: Meet Gopi Thotakura, Indian Who Will Soon Go To The Edge Of Outer Space
TEXAS: In an unprecedented leap towards the stars, pilot Gopichand Thotakura is set to become the first Indian to venture into space as a tourist. Selected as part of the elite crew for Blue Origin’s New Shephard-25 (NS-25) mission, Mr Thotakura will make a journey beyond the Earth’s atmosphere along with five other candidates.
Gopichand Thotakura, an entrepreneur and pilot, joins a distinguished lineup of 31 candidates who have flown beyond the Karman line, the boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and outer space.
A connoisseur of the skies since his youth, Mr Thotakura’s passion for flight saw him defy conventional norms, learning to pilot aircraft before mastering the art of driving. To further his passion, he graduated from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University with a Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Science.
Describing him, Blue Origins wrote, “Gopi is a pilot and aviator who learned how to fly before he could drive. Gopi pilots bush, aerobatic, and seaplanes, as well as gliders and hot air balloons, and has served as an international medical jet pilot. A lifelong traveler, his most recent adventure took him to the summit of Mt. Kilimanjaro.”
Born in Vijayawada, the 30-year-old currently runs Preserve Life Corp, a global center for holistic wellness and applied health located near Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
Each member of the NS-25 mission will carry a postcard on behalf of Blue Origin’s foundation, Club for the Future, symbolizing the collective dreams and aspirations of young minds worldwide.
From an environmental standpoint, the NS-25 mission heralds a new era of sustainability in space exploration.
“Nearly 99% of New Shepard’s dry mass is reused, including the booster, capsule, engine, landing gear, and parachutes. New Shepard’s engine is fueled by highly efficient liquid oxygen and hydrogen. During flight, the only byproduct is water vapor with no carbon emissions,” Blue Origins said in their statement.
The launch date for the mission is yet to be announced.
The mission also includes former Air Force Captain Ed Dwight, who was selected by US President John F Kennedy in 1961 as the country’s first Black astronaut candidate but was never granted the opportunity to fly to space.
Blue Origin has carried out six crewed flights — some passengers were paying customers and others were guests — since July 2021, when CEO Jeff Bezos himself took part in the first.
The company is also developing a heavy rocket for commercial purposes called New Glenn, with the maiden flight planned for next year.
This rocket, which measures 98 meters (320 feet) high, is designed to carry payloads of as much as 45 metric tons into low Earth orbit.
Science
WASHINGTON: Who Is Aroh Barjatya, Indian-Origin Researcher Who Led Recent NASA Mission
WASHINGTON: Aroh Barjatya, an India-born researcher, led NASA’s mission that launched sounding rockets during the recent total solar eclipse.
The US space agency launched three sounding rockets during the total solar eclipse on April 8 to study what happens to the Earth’s upper atmosphere when sunlight dims momentarily over a part of the planet.
Who Is Aroh Barjatya?
A professor of engineering physics, Aroh Barjatya directs the Space and Atmospheric Instrumentation Lab at the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Florida.
Born to a chemical engineer, Ashok Kumar Barjatya, and his wife Rajeshwari, Aroh Barjatya went to schools across India, including in Patalganga near Mumbai, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Pilani, and Solapur.
He went on to get a degree in electronics engineering from Solapur’s Walchand Institute of Technology.
In 2021, he moved to the US for a master’s degree in electrical engineering at Utah State University. He later did his PhD in spacecraft instrumentation from the same university.
“In addition to leading an externally funded research enterprise, as a tenured faculty I have mentored and engaged young minds through inquiry-based learning tactics, created a new area of concentration within the Engineering Physics programme at ERAU… My mission is to advance the state of the art in space research and education and to inspire the next generation of space engineers and scientists,” he wrote on his LinkedIn profile.
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