Science
TEXAS : Scientists Map Solar System’s Alien Caves in Hunt for Extraterrestrial Life
TEXAS : Considering the menagerie of critters living in cozy caves across Earth, it was only a matter of time before scientists extended their hunt for alien life to such cavities furnishing the rest of our solar system.
Carved into the arid sands of Mars and etched into sticky lunar soil, there are thousands of otherworldly dugouts waiting to be explored by humanity. These damp and protected places are theoretically perfect to have once hosted extraterrestrial beings.
Well, maybe.
But optimistically looking to a future where we start checking out some of those possible alien hotspots, teams of international researchers presented two papers this week, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets, offering a fascinating outline for how scientists ought to go about studying non-Earth caves one day.
“This is an untapped area of inquiry in planetary science, and its importance in the search for life should not be overlooked,” Jut Wynne, a researcher from Northern Arizona University and lead author of both studies, said in a statement. “In our lifetime, it is quite possible that we will peer into underground Mars to address the age-old question, ‘Does life exist beyond Earth?'”
In one paper, 31 scientists, engineers and astronauts worked with 82 space and cave experts to produce a list of 198 questions we must consider while looking at Martian or lunar caves. And they point out the 53 most important ones. Perusing the list, you’ll find concerns ranging from what instruments one would need to probe an extraplanetary cave to how similar those caves would be to Earth’s own caves – all the way to things like, if we do find aliens in there, how would we deal with that? What happens next?
And in another paper, a crew of planetary scientists offer the first detailed catalog of where all the known caves in our solar system are found.

Bodies for which possible cave entrances have been identified, with the number of features per body in parentheses. Locations for possible cave entrances on the moon and Mars are there too.
AGU and Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets.
“We now have what I hope will become two foundational papers that will help propel planetary cave research from what was once an armchair contemplative exercise to robots probing planetary subsurfaces,” Wynne said.
With some financial investment and institutional support, Wynne said, human research and technology could reach the levels needed to traverse extraterrestrial caves within the next decade.
According to a press release regarding the studies, scientists have already identified at least 3,545 potential icy, rocky and mysterious caves on 11 moons and planets in our solar system – not just on Mars and our own lunar friend but on the moons of Saturn and Jupiter, too. Some caves have even been identified on comets and asteroids flinging through our humble corner of the cosmos.
In other words, if we do end up advancing our machines to the degree Wynne hopes, we have quite a few targets queued up.
“Caves on many planetary surfaces represent one of the best environments to search for evidence of extinct or perhaps extant lifeforms,” Wynne said. “For example, as Martian caves are sheltered from deadly surface radiation and violent windstorms, they are more likely to exhibit a more constant temperature regime compared to the surface, and some may even contain water ice.”
In a similar vein, a longstanding debate among Mars-focused scientists is whether there’s a hidden lake of liquid water beneath the red planet’s surface. An area like that, tucked away from the toxic Martian environment, would intuitively be the most likely place for proof of alien life to exist, in the event aliens once lived there.
The left-hand panel shows the surface topography of Mars’ south pole, with the outline of the south polar cap in black. The light blue line shows an area studied by researchers to see whether there’s a hidden lake around here. The green square shows the region containing the inferred subglacial water. The right-hand panel shows the surface undulation – visible as the red area – identified by a research team. The black outline shows a potential area of water as inferred by the orbiting radar.
University of Cambridge
And there’s another angle to these caves that Wynne and fellow researchers are interested in bringing to light too.
“Radiation shielding will be essential for human exploration of the Moon and Mars,” Leroy Chiao, a retired astronaut, former commander of the International Space Station and co-author of the first paper, said in a statement. “One possible solution is to utilize caves for this purpose. The requirements for astronaut habitats, EVA suits and equipment should take cave exploration and development into consideration, for protection from both solar and galactic cosmic radiation.”
Later Artemis missions intend to build base camps and rocket checkpoints that could benefit from lunar caves if we know enough about the structures. In fact, NASA’s trusty Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft already identified a sort of 330-foot deep pit on the moon that researchers described as “more hospitable compared to anywhere else on the moon.” UCLA called it “always sweater weather.” And, I mean, doesn’t that sound divine?
Science
SAN FRANCISCO: Indian-Origin Founder Unveils Wearable Device That Records Every Moment Of Your Life
SAN FRANCISCO: Advait Paliwal, an Indian-origin entrepreneur, has recently introduced a wearable AI device called Iris, designed to provide users with “infinite memory.” According to Paliwal, the device captures “pictures every minute,” which are stored either on the device or in the cloud, allowing users to preserve life’s small moments and recognize patterns often overlooked.
In a series of tweets, Mr Paliwal, who is based in San Francisco, explained that Iris not only organises the photos into a timeline but also uses AI to generate captions and help users recall forgotten details. Additionally, the device features a “focus mode,” which detects when the wearer is distracted and offers reminders to refocus.
Mr. Paliwal shared that the design of Iris is inspired by the evil eye symbol. He developed the device over the summer at the Augmentation Lab in Cambridge, part of a two-month AI and hardware talent accelerator program. After the program, Mr Paliwal presented Iris to over 250 attendees at the MIT Media Lab, where he received positive feedback, with many expressing interest in owning the device.
Highlighting its potential, Mr Paliwal suggested that Iris could offer safety and health benefits, such as aiding doctors in understanding patients’ daily habits or ensuring workplace safety compliance. In elderly care, the device could help caregivers monitor patients without being intrusive.
However, after Mr Paliwal shared his post on X (formerly Twitter), reactions were mixed. While some users expressed excitement, others raised privacy concerns. One person commented, “It’s an interesting concept, but I wouldn’t want to interact with someone wearing this, taking a photo every minute.” Paliwal responded by pointing out that people are already “constantly taking mental photos.”
Others were more enthusiastic, with one user noting, “I’ve been searching for a device like this for years! A picture every minute should be enough if it archives, organizes, labels, and retrieves them.” Another user praised the concept, saying, “Love the idea. The design and name are perfect. Great work!”
Science
TEXAS: Meet Gopi Thotakura, Indian Who Will Soon Go To The Edge Of Outer Space
TEXAS: In an unprecedented leap towards the stars, pilot Gopichand Thotakura is set to become the first Indian to venture into space as a tourist. Selected as part of the elite crew for Blue Origin’s New Shephard-25 (NS-25) mission, Mr Thotakura will make a journey beyond the Earth’s atmosphere along with five other candidates.
Gopichand Thotakura, an entrepreneur and pilot, joins a distinguished lineup of 31 candidates who have flown beyond the Karman line, the boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and outer space.
A connoisseur of the skies since his youth, Mr Thotakura’s passion for flight saw him defy conventional norms, learning to pilot aircraft before mastering the art of driving. To further his passion, he graduated from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University with a Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Science.
Describing him, Blue Origins wrote, “Gopi is a pilot and aviator who learned how to fly before he could drive. Gopi pilots bush, aerobatic, and seaplanes, as well as gliders and hot air balloons, and has served as an international medical jet pilot. A lifelong traveler, his most recent adventure took him to the summit of Mt. Kilimanjaro.”
Born in Vijayawada, the 30-year-old currently runs Preserve Life Corp, a global center for holistic wellness and applied health located near Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
Each member of the NS-25 mission will carry a postcard on behalf of Blue Origin’s foundation, Club for the Future, symbolizing the collective dreams and aspirations of young minds worldwide.
From an environmental standpoint, the NS-25 mission heralds a new era of sustainability in space exploration.
“Nearly 99% of New Shepard’s dry mass is reused, including the booster, capsule, engine, landing gear, and parachutes. New Shepard’s engine is fueled by highly efficient liquid oxygen and hydrogen. During flight, the only byproduct is water vapor with no carbon emissions,” Blue Origins said in their statement.
The launch date for the mission is yet to be announced.
The mission also includes former Air Force Captain Ed Dwight, who was selected by US President John F Kennedy in 1961 as the country’s first Black astronaut candidate but was never granted the opportunity to fly to space.
Blue Origin has carried out six crewed flights — some passengers were paying customers and others were guests — since July 2021, when CEO Jeff Bezos himself took part in the first.
The company is also developing a heavy rocket for commercial purposes called New Glenn, with the maiden flight planned for next year.
This rocket, which measures 98 meters (320 feet) high, is designed to carry payloads of as much as 45 metric tons into low Earth orbit.
Science
WASHINGTON: Who Is Aroh Barjatya, Indian-Origin Researcher Who Led Recent NASA Mission
WASHINGTON: Aroh Barjatya, an India-born researcher, led NASA’s mission that launched sounding rockets during the recent total solar eclipse.
The US space agency launched three sounding rockets during the total solar eclipse on April 8 to study what happens to the Earth’s upper atmosphere when sunlight dims momentarily over a part of the planet.
Who Is Aroh Barjatya?
A professor of engineering physics, Aroh Barjatya directs the Space and Atmospheric Instrumentation Lab at the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Florida.
Born to a chemical engineer, Ashok Kumar Barjatya, and his wife Rajeshwari, Aroh Barjatya went to schools across India, including in Patalganga near Mumbai, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Pilani, and Solapur.
He went on to get a degree in electronics engineering from Solapur’s Walchand Institute of Technology.
In 2021, he moved to the US for a master’s degree in electrical engineering at Utah State University. He later did his PhD in spacecraft instrumentation from the same university.
“In addition to leading an externally funded research enterprise, as a tenured faculty I have mentored and engaged young minds through inquiry-based learning tactics, created a new area of concentration within the Engineering Physics programme at ERAU… My mission is to advance the state of the art in space research and education and to inspire the next generation of space engineers and scientists,” he wrote on his LinkedIn profile.
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